This page is a core part of the Democracy and Human Rights section of the Grade 11 Life Orientation Term 1 curriculum. Before we look at the national level of government, we must understand the “founding rules” that govern any group, from a small youth club to a major NGO.
Defining the Constitution: Grade 11 LO Term 1
In Life Orientation Grade 11, a constitution is defined as a legal “founding document.” This means it serves as the essential foundation upon which any structure or organization is built. It acts as the “rulebook” that everyone in that group must follow to ensure fairness and order.
While we often think of the South African Constitution, many other structures in civil society also have their own constitutions, including:
- Non-governmental organisations (NGOs): Such as Child Welfare or Gift of the Givers.
- Community-based organisations (CBOs): Like local residents’ associations.
- Faith-based organisations: Non-profit groups formed by people of the same religion.
- Youth groups and sports clubs.
1. What Does a Constitution State?
A constitution is designed to ensure transparency and accountability within an organization. It typically includes the following information:
- Purpose: Why the organization exists and its reason for being formed.
- Aims and Objectives: Specific things the organization intends to achieve.
- Type of Organisation: For example, whether it is a for-profit business or a not-for-profit voluntary association.
- Membership: Rules on who can join, as well as the specific rights and responsibilities of its members.
- Structures and Procedures: How decisions are made, including rules for meetings, elections, and appointments.
- Roles: The specific duties of people holding positions, such as the Chairperson or Treasurer.
- Finances: Clear rules on how the organization’s money and assets are controlled and spent.
- Dissolution: Instructions on how to officially close the organization if it is no longer needed.
2. Why Constitutions are Important
Without a constitution, an organization would face constant conflict because there would be no agreed-upon rules. A constitution protects the well-being of the members by ensuring:
- Justice: No single person has all the power.
- Stability: The group follows the same procedures even when leaders change.
- Integrity: Money and resources are protected from misuse.
Activity: Analyzing a Constitution
- Define: In your own words, what is meant by a “founding document”?
- Categorize: Give an example of an NGO, a faith-based organization, and a community-based organization in your local area.
- Application: If you were to start a “Grade 11 Study Group,” why would it be a good idea to have a simple constitution? List two things you would include in its “Aims and Objectives.”
- Reflect: How does having a constitution help an organization follow the Rule of Law?
Next Lesson: The highest law in the land: The Role of the South African Constitution.
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