On this page you will find most common Sepedi literature and grammar words and phrases meaning:
Akronimi
Sepedi: Lentšu la go bitšega leo le bopilwego ka tlhaka goba ditlhaka tša mathomo tša sekafoko goba leina. (Mohlala: Sepholeke – Setatamente sa Pholisi sa Lenaneothuto le Kelo).
English: Acronym – a pronounceable word formed from the initial letters of a phrase or name (e.g., “Sepholeke” for “Setatement of Policy on Curriculum and Assessment”).
Analotši
Sepedi:
- Go hwetša ditshwano mo dilong tšeo ka tebelelo di bonagalago di fapana.
- Tsela ya go hlatholla se sengwe ka go se tsweletša bjalo ka se sengwe, fela e sa hlatsele; go swanetše go ba le tshepelelano ya maleba.
English: Analogy – - Identifying similarities between things that appear different.
- Explaining something by comparing it to something else in a way that aligns meaningfully.
Aneketote
Sepedi: Dikanegelo tša ditiragalo tše nnyane tšeo di anegwago go fa tshedimošo, boithabišo, tshegišo, goba go utolla moanegwa.
English: Anecdote – short stories about real events shared to inform, entertain, amuse, or reveal a character.
Animeišene
Sepedi: Thekniki ya go šomiša tatelano ya diswantšho tša go se šuthe, go di tšweletša e ke di a šutha goba di a phela.
English: Animation – a technique of using a sequence of still images to create the illusion of motion or life.
Kganetšosehloa
Sepedi: Ge dintlha tša godimo tšeo di bego di letetšwe di sa phethagatšwa, goba boithabišo bo sa fihlelelwa ka lebaka la tshegišo goba ditiragalo tše di se nago mohola.
English: Anticlimax – when expected important events or resolutions are replaced with trivial or humorous ones.
Anthisese
Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya dikgopolo tše pedi tša go thulana goba dikgopolo tša go fapana tekatekanong ya phapantšho. (Mohlala: “go itlhaganela kudu, lebelo le le nyane”).
English: Antithesis – a contrast or opposition of two ideas in a balanced manner (e.g., “more haste, less speed”).
Baamogedi ba tshedimošo
Sepedi:
- Babadi, batheeletši, goba babogedi ba setšweletšwa se itšego; bangwadi ba swanetše go hlokomela baamogedi ge ba ngwala.
- Gabotsebotse, baamogedi ke bao ba bogetšego dipapadi goba mmino ge di diragatšwa.
English: Audience – - The readers, listeners, or viewers of a particular piece of content, considered during its creation.
- Specifically, the spectators of a performance or musical event.
Badišiša
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go bala o fa mmadi sebaka se sengwe gape gore a kwešiše setšweletšwa se se lego bothata.
English: Rereading – a reading strategy that gives readers another chance to understand challenging material.
Bapetša
Sepedi: Go ela ka fao dilo di swanago goba di fapanago.
English: Comparing – examining how things are similar or different.
Bobotse bja ka gare
Sepedi:
- Go hlokomela bobotse bja polelo ka go amogelwa ke mohola wa yona.
- Botse bjo bo humanwago mošomong wa botaki bja bangwadi.
English: Intrinsic beauty – recognizing and appreciating the inherent artistry of language in literary works.
Boemo/Dikamano
Sepedi: Kamano e hlalosa maemo a bohlokwa, setšo, goba tša dipolitiki mo sengwalweng, gomme e na le mohola tlhalošong.
English: Context/Relationships – the relationship between the setting and the narrative, often influenced by social, cultural, or political factors.
Boikgopolelo
Sepedi: Go humana tlhalošo ya seo o sa se kwešišego ka go iša mogopolo kua le kua le go akanya ditlamorago.
English: Inference – drawing conclusions from indirect clues or details within the text.
Bomalementši
Sepedi: Ge motho a ithuta leleme le lengwe goba maleme a mantši go oketša Leleme la Gae la gagwe. Leleme le, ga le tšee sebaka sa Leleme la Gae, le ithutwa gotee le lona.
English: Multilingualism – the process of learning one or more additional languages alongside the home language without replacing it.
Difahloši tša boemo/Dikamanotirišo
Sepedi: Mantšu ao a potapotile lentšu la go se tsebje, ao a šomišwago go hwetša tlhalošo ya lentšu leo le sa kwešišwego.
English: Contextual clues – words or phrases surrounding an unknown term that help clarify its meaning.
Dikahlaahlo tša phanele
Sepedi: Dikahlaahlo tšeo di dirwago ke phanele, di sekaseka goba ngangišana sererwa se itšego ka dipotšišo le dikarabo.
English: Panel discussions – evaluations or debates conducted by a panel to analyze or discuss specific topics.
Dipoleloselete
Sepedi: Dipolelo tšeo di šomišwago mafelong a mannyane, di ka fapana ka polelwana, tlhaka, le tlhabošo ya mantšu.
English: Dialects – language variations spoken in specific areas, often differing in vocabulary, structure, or pronunciation.
Dipotšišotherišano
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go nyakišiša tshedimošo ka dipotšišo, e ka ba ka bomolomo goba ka mokgwa wa go ngwala.
English: Structured interviews – a method of gathering information using a set of organized questions, either orally or in writing.
Dithalwa
Sepedi: Ditšweletšo tša botaki tše di bonwago, bjalo ka diswantšho tšeo di thadilwego.
English: Visual arts – artistic works such as drawings, sculptures, or illustrations.
Dithekniki tša dithalwa tša sinema
Sepedi: Mokgwa goba mekgwa yeo e šomišwago go bopa le go tšweletša filimi. (Mohlala: tlhamo, go bonega, goba mohuta wa go tšea diswantšho).
English: Cinematic techniques – methods and tools used in filmmaking, such as lighting, framing, and camera angles.
Ditšweletšwa tša go bonwa
Sepedi: Tshedimoso yeo e tlišwago ka kemedi ya go bonwa (mohlala: diswantšho tša filimi, dinepe, goba dikhathune).
English: Visual texts – information presented through visual media such as films, images, or cartoons.
Ditšweletšwa tša makgonthe
Sepedi: Tshedimoso ya nnete ya go dirwa le go šomišwa ntle le dingwalo (mohlala: diathikele tša kuranta, dipapatšo, goba direkhoto tša radio).
English: Factual texts – authentic texts like newspaper articles, advertisements, or radio records that represent real events or information.
Ditumatshwano
Sepedi: Lentšu leo le bitšwago le peletwa ka tsela ye e swanago fela le na le ditlhalošo tša go fapana. (Mohlala: “thaba” (leina) le “thaba” (lediri)).
English: Homonyms – words that are spelled and pronounced the same but have different meanings, e.g., “bank” (financial) and “bank” (river edge).
Fonte
Sepedi: Mohuta le bogolo bja ditlhaka tše di šomišwago ge go ngwalwa. (Mohlala: Times New Roman, 12pt).
English: Font – the type and size of text used in writing (e.g., Times New Roman, 12pt).
Foramo
Sepedi: Ngangišano ya sehlopha ka dikarolo tša sererwa goba maikemišetšo a itšego, moo barutwana ba arotšwego ka dihlopha tša go boledišana.
English: Forum – a group discussion or debate where participants are divided into smaller teams to discuss or defend aspects of a topic.
Gatelela (mo lentšung goba lefokong)
Sepedi: Go fa kgodišegelo mo kgaolong ya lentšu goba go gatelela sererwa ka bohlokwa bja sona.
English: Emphasis – stressing a part of a word or a statement to highlight its importance.
Go bona dilo ka lehlakore le tee (Sterothaepe)
Sepedi: Go thekga dikgopolo tšeo di sa fetogego mabapi le karolo ye motho a swanetšego go e bapala.
English: Stereotype – a fixed and oversimplified idea or belief about a person or group.
Go ruma
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go šomiša difahloši tša go ngwalwa le tša go bonwa, go utolla seo se utollwego ka dikgopolo.
English: Summarizing – using written or visual cues to extract core ideas from a text.
Hlatholla
Sepedi: Go hlalosetša mmadi ka tsela yeo e ka kwešišegago, ka mohlala goba ka mantšu a hlakilego.
English: Explain – providing clear and concise clarification for the reader or audience.
Hlogotaba
Sepedi: Ke hlogo ya ditaba tšeo di bolelwago goba tšeo di ngwalwago di lebišitšwe go yona. E laola tatelano ya polelo.
English: Main topic – the central idea or focus of discussion or writing that guides the structure of communication.
Hlola
Sepedi: Seo se tšweletšago tiragalo goba seemo (lebelela gape poelo).
English: Cause – an event or condition that brings about a particular outcome.
Kanegelo
Sepedi: Kgokagano ya go bolelwa goba ya go ngwalwa ka tatelano ya ditiragalo.
English: Narrative – a connection of events told or written in a sequential order.
Kaparetšo
Sepedi: Theo ya go kgetha mekgwa ya go ruta le go ithuta ye e theilwego go boikgopolelo, bokgoni, le setaele sa morutwana.
English: Differentiation – tailoring teaching and learning styles to match a learner’s needs, skills, and preferences.
Kelelo
Sepedi:
- Lentšu le tšwa go moela wa noka, le akaretša bohlokwa bja go fa polelo botse, bonolo, le go e hlatholla ka tlhago.
- Maemo a go amogelega a taolo ya dibopego tša polelo.
English: Flow – the natural rhythm and coherence of speech or writing, making it easy to understand and interpret.
Kelo
Sepedi: Tshepetšo ya go tšwelela ya ditsela tše di fapafapanego tša go kgoboketša tshedimoso ka ga bokgoni bja morutwana.
English: Assessment – a process of gathering information about a learner’s abilities and progress.
Kelotšweledi
Sepedi: Kelo ya mešongwana ye e phethwago ka ngwaga ka moka.
English: Continuous assessment – evaluation of a learner’s performance throughout the year.
Kemedi
Sepedi: Selo sa go ema sebakeng sa se sengwe.
English: Symbol – something that represents or stands in for another thing.
Kgegeophetogi/Mafelelo
Sepedi: Mafelelo ao a bego a sa letelwa, ao a sa dumegwego gore papadi e ka tšwela pele goba fela ka tsela yeo.
English: Twist ending – an unexpected conclusion or resolution of a story.
Kgegeotiragatšo
Sepedi: Ge babogedi ba tseba tšeo di tlogo diragalela baanegwa mola bona ba sa tsebe.
English: Dramatic irony – when the audience knows more about the events or consequences than the characters.
Kgokagano ya motheo le ba bangwe
Sepedi: Mabokgoni ao a thušago motho go tsenela le go kgokagana le ba bangwe.
English: Interpersonal skills – basic abilities that enable someone to engage meaningfully with others.
Kodutlo
Sepedi:
- Polelo ya lenyatšo goba tlhabošo ya lentšu go bontšha go se loke goba go swarolla maikutlo.
- Polelo ya go hlola maikutlo a go galefa goba go latola.
English: Sarcasm – a statement meant to mock or criticize, often disguised as praise, provoking strong emotions.
Kgegeo
Sepedi: Setatamente sa go ba le tlhaloso e sa amogelegego ya polelo ya go se felele goba maemo a sa tlwaelegago.
English: Irony – a statement or situation with an unexpected or contradictory meaning.
Kgegeotiragatšo/Kgegeoteramatiki
Sepedi: Ge babogedi ba tseba ka godimo ga maemo le ditlamorago go feta baanegwa, go tsoša maikutlo a mabapi le tiragalo.
English: Dramatic irony – when the audience has more knowledge of the circumstances and consequences than the characters.
Kgethollo
Sepedi: Go tšea lehlakore ka go kgetha selo, kgopolo, goba motho o tee go feta yo mongwe.
English: Bias – showing preference for one idea, person, or thing over another, often leading to unfair judgment.
Kgohlagano
Sepedi:
- Kgokagano ya dikgopolo ka tatelano e nepagetšego, e fa temana botee.
- Sebopego sa polelo yeo e sa šomišwago ka tsela e hlakilego, e timetša moelelo.
English: Coherence – logical connection of ideas or sentences that ensures unity in a text or statement.
Kgokagano
Sepedi: Kgokagano ya mafoko le ditemana ka makopanyi, mašala, goba poeletšo.
English: Cohesion – connecting words, phrases, or sentences using conjunctions, pronouns, or repetition.
Kgwekgwe
Sepedi: Tabakgolo sererweng; e ka ba le dikgwekgwe tše mmalwa tša go hloka pepenene.
English: Theme – the main idea or focus of a text, often with multiple interpretations.
Leganetši/Lelatodi
Sepedi: Lentšu la go ganetša goba go latola le lengwe polelong (mohlala: “thabile” le “nyamile”).
English: Antonym – a word that opposes the meaning of another word, e.g., “happy” and “sad.”
Lehlalošetšagotee
Sepedi: Lentšu leo le nago le tlhalošo ya go swana le le lengwe polelong e tee. Mahlalošagotee a ka tliša diphapano tša mohola polelong.
English: Synonym – a word that has a similar meaning to another word in the same context, though it might bring subtle differences in meaning.
Lekola
Sepedi: Go lebeledišiša goba go badišiša ka tsinkelo go fa dikgopolo goba go dira dikahlolo.
English: Analyze – to examine carefully and systematically in order to provide insights or make evaluations.
Lekopanyi
Sepedi: Lentšu la go šomišwa go kopanya dithabe, mantšu, dikafoko, goba mafoko.
English: Conjunction – a word used to connect clauses, phrases, or words.
Leleme la Gae
Sepedi: Polelo yeo bana ba ithutago yona ka gae, e lego polelo ye re naganago ka yona.
English: Home language – the language a child learns at home and uses as their primary medium of thought.
Lelemetlaleletšo
Sepedi: Polelo ye e ithutwago go oketša Leleme la Gae, ntle le go tšea sebaka sa lona.
English: Additional language – a language learned alongside the home language to enhance linguistic skills.
Lentšu
Sepedi: Polelo ya tlhabošo goba ya go ngwalwa yeo e kwewago goba e kwešišwago ke bao ba e theeleditšego goba ba e balago.
English: Word – a unit of speech or writing understood by listeners or readers.
Lentšu la kanego/Ntlatšediko
Sepedi: Lentšu le la moanegi le ka tšwelela ka motho wa pele (nna) goba motho wa boraro (yena/bona).
English: Narrative voice – the perspective from which the narrator speaks, either in the first person (I) or the third person (he/she/they).
Letšo
Sepedi: Lentšu leo le bopilwego ka go tšea hlogo goba moselana go tšwa lentšung le lengwe (mohlala: “mosepelo” go tšwa go “sepela”).
English: Derivative – a word formed by adding prefixes or suffixes to a root word (e.g., “movement” from “move”).
Litheresi
Sepedi: Tsebo le bokgoni bja go ngwala, bala, le kwešiša ka bohlale le go hlalosa ditšweletšwa.
English: Literacy – the ability to read, write, and understand, as well as to interpret and express ideas effectively.
Mabokgoni a go kwešiša mantšu
Sepedi: Mekgwa ya go kwešiša mantšu a sa tsebjego ka go kgaogantšha dinoko goba go lebelela dihlogo le meselana ya lona.
English: Vocabulary strategies – methods like breaking words into syllables or analyzing prefixes and suffixes to understand unfamiliar words.
Mabokgoni a thutokwešišo
Sepedi: Bokgoni bja go ithuta ka tsela ya mohola le go tswelela ka lenaneothuto.
English: Study skills – strategies and techniques to help learners progress effectively through the curriculum.
Mainatlhangwa ka medumo (Onomathopia)
Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya mantšu a hlalosago modumo woo o hlolwago ke se sengwe (mohlala: “meo”).
English: Onomatopoeia – words that imitate sounds associated with their meaning (e.g., “buzz” or “sizzle”).
Mahlakorentši a mediya
Sepedi: Mekgwa ya go šomiša ditšweletšwa tša ngwalwa, bonwa, modumo, di-video, le tše dingwe.
English: Multimedia – methods integrating written, visual, auditory, and video content.
Maleba/Tshwanelo
Sepedi: Polelo e swanetša go ba ya maleba le maemo ao e šomišwago go ona (mohlala: “Re a lotšha” e lebane le hlompho).
English: Appropriateness – language that is suitable and respectful for a given context or situation.
Mantšu a go se nyakege
Sepedi: Mantšu a go ba le bothata ka lebaka la go hloka mohola goba a fošagetšego.
English: Redundant words – unnecessary or excessive words that do not add value to the content.
Melao
Sepedi: Melao yeo e laolago tšhomišo ya polelo, go akaretša dibopego, maswaodikga, le mongwalo.
English: Rules – guidelines for language use, including grammar, punctuation, and formatting.
Melawana ya polelo tšhielano
Sepedi: Setlwaedi sa go fa bagoeledi goba bareti sebaka sa go bolela ka go boeletša le go nolofatša ditlhalošo.
English: Turn-taking rules – conventions ensuring fair participation and clarification during discussions.
Mmepe wa Monagano
Sepedi: Kemedi ya kgwekgwe goba sererwa yeo e beakantšwego ka go thalwa ka mantšu a magolo le dikgopolo tše kgolo.
English: Mind map – a diagram used to visually organize ideas and concepts around a central topic.
Modirišo
Sepedi: Boemo bja maikutlo goba foreimi ya monagano wa moanegwa; gape e ka hlaloša moya wa ditšweletšwa tša go bonwa, tša go theeletšwa, le tša mahlakorentši.
English: Tone – the attitude or frame of mind of a character; it also refers to the emotional atmosphere created by visual, auditory, or multimedia texts.
Mohuta wa Sengwalo
Sepedi: Ditšweletšwa ge di hlophilwe go ya ka mehuta ya tšona, bjalo ka padi, papadi, theto, lengwalo la kgwebo, goba lengwalo la segwera.
English: Genre – categories of writing or artistic works, such as novels, plays, poetry, business letters, or informal letters.
Mokgwa
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa peakanyo goba tatelano ya go rarolla bothata.
English: Method – a structured way or sequence used to address and solve a problem.
Mokgwatirišo (Mode)
Sepedi: Mokgwa goba tsela ya go hlagiša goba go boledišana, bjalo ka mokgwatirišo wa go ngwalwa, wa bomolomo, goba wa go bonwa.
English: Mode – the method or manner of communication, such as written, oral, or visual modes.
Morumokwano
Sepedi: Mantšu goba methalotheto yeo e felelago ka modumo o swanago.
English: Rhyme – the repetition of similar sounds at the end of words or lines in poetry.
Mošito
Sepedi: Poeletšo ya patrone ya medumo yeo e tlwaelegilego.
English: Rhythm – a regular pattern of sounds or beats in language, poetry, or music.
Mothalonako
Sepedi: Thulaganyo ya ditiragalo go ya ka tatelano ya nako.
English: Chronological order – the arrangement of events in the order they occur in time.
Mothofatšo
Sepedi: Go fa dilo tše di sa phelago dika tša batho.
English: Personification – attributing human characteristics to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.
Moya
Sepedi: Maikutlo ao a aparelago mmadi goba babogedi ka sengwalo le tikologo ya sona.
English: Mood – the emotional setting or atmosphere created by a text or story.
Ngangišano
Sepedi: Phenkgišano gare ga dihlopha tše pedi tšeo di ikemišeditšego go kgodiša moahlodi ka ntlhatebelelo ya sererwa sa tšona.
English: Debate – a formal discussion or argument between two opposing teams, aiming to persuade a judge or audience.
Nyalantšho ya dikgopolo
Sepedi: Kgoboketšo ya dikgopolo go tšwa methopong ya go fapana le kakaretšo ya go kwagala ge di kopantšwe.
English: Synthesis – combining ideas from various sources into a coherent and unified understanding.
Nyefolo/Lenyatšo
Sepedi: Polelo ya go swara motho ka tsela ya go gatelela, kweša bohloko, goba kgopiša.
English: Defamation – statements made to damage someone’s reputation intentionally.
Ntlhatebelelo
Sepedi: Ka fao moanegwa a bonwago goba a hlaloswago ka gona mabapi le ditaba tša padi goba papadi.
English: Character portrayal – the way a character is described or presented in a story or play.
Oksimorone
Sepedi: Motswako wa mantšu ao a na le ditlhalošo tša kganetšano, a šomišwago ka boomo go tliša poelo (mohlala: “sephiri se se pepeneneng”).
English: Oxymoron – a combination of contradictory words used deliberately to create a specific effect (e.g., “deafening silence”).
Palogape
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go bala gape, ka molomo goba ka go ngwala, o hlaloša temana goba kgaolo.
English: Repetition – the act of reading or reviewing a section again, either orally or in writing, to reinforce understanding.
Paradokese
Sepedi: Polelo ya go bonala e ikganetša, eupša ka morago e na le kwešišego goba tlhaologanyo (mohlala: “Ge o inyakela, o itahle”).
English: Paradox – a statement that seems contradictory but, upon reflection, reveals a deeper truth or insight.
Paronimi
Sepedi: Mantšu ao a bopšwago ka go tšwa go modu o tee (mohlala: “sepetlele” le “sepela”).
English: Paronyms – words derived from the same root but with different meanings.
Pebofatšo
Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya lentšu goba kgopolo ka tsela ye e amogelegego yeo e tlošago lefeela goba nyefolo.
English: Euphemism – a polite or mild expression used to replace harsh or unpleasant terms.
Phane
Sepedi: Papadišo ya mantšu ao swanago goba a nago le modumo o swanago go hlama tshegišo. (Mohlala: “Barwadi ba melora ba lala ba lora ba rwala melora bošego.”)
English: Pun – a humorous play on words that have similar sounds or meanings.
Phapantšho
Sepedi: Go bona ka fao dilo di fapanago.
English: Contrast – identifying differences between things.
Poelo
Sepedi: Ditlamorago tša tiragalo goba seemo.
English: Effect – the outcome or result of an event or condition.
Poeletšomodumo
Sepedi: Patrone ya modumo ya go akaretša poeletšo ya ditumammogo, e ka hwetšwa mathomong a mantšu goba ka gare ga mantšu.
English: Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds, especially at the beginning of words.
Poeletšatumanoši
Sepedi:
- Poeletšo ya ditumanoši mantšung a mabedi goba go feta. (Mohlala: “Bana ba ba bapala ka santa.”)
- Ditumanoši tša go swana goba tša go batamela ka modumo di ka šomišwa.
English: Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.
Pego
Sepedi: Go fa dipoelo tša maemo (e ka ba ya semmušo goba ya go se be ya semmušo).
English: Report – a formal or informal statement presenting findings or outcomes (e.g., accident report).
Pheteletšannete ya Tshegišo
Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya go feteletša ka boomo ka tsela ya tshegišo goba go hlakisa.
English: Exaggeration for humor – deliberate overstatement for comedic or dramatic effect.
Pheteletšo
Sepedi: Go feteletša ka tsela ya go fetišiša se sa šomago gabotse. (Mohlala: “O mphile thaba ya dijo.”)
English: Hyperbole – intentional exaggeration for emphasis or effect.
Phošolla
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go ngwala gape le go lokiša diphošo tša polelo, maswaodikga, le mepeleto, goba go hlopholla dikgopolo gore di be le kgokagano le kgohlagano.
English: Editing – the process of revising and correcting language, grammar, punctuation, and coherence in a text.
Polelo ya Dika
Sepedi: Mantšu a go šišinya ka dika go gorosa molaetša. (Mohlala: Tshwantšhišo, mothofatšo, goba tshwantšhanyo.)
English: Figurative language – expressions using figures of speech to convey meaning (e.g., metaphor, personification).
Polelo ya go Jabetša
Sepedi: Polelo ya go goketša goba go khuetša maikutlo a batho ba bangwe.
English: Persuasive language – language aimed at influencing or convincing others.
Polelothwii
Sepedi: Tlhalošo ye e lego pepeneneng ya mantšu, go fapana le polelo ya dika.
English: Literal language – straightforward and explicit meaning of words.
Polelo ya go Ama Maikutlo
Sepedi: Polelo ya go tsoša maikutlo a tseneletšego.
English: Emotive language – language designed to provoke deep feelings.
Polelommileng
Sepedi: Polelo ya go šomišwa lebakanyana ke batho ba mohuta o itšego (bafsa, bašomi ba moepong), e se ya semmušo.
English: Slang – informal language used briefly by specific groups.
Poleloyammele
Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya mmele go fetola molaetša. (Mohlala: Go šikinya hlogo go bontšha gore o a gana.)
English: Body language – using physical gestures or movements to communicate.
Polelosemmotwana
Sepedi: Polelo ya lefelo le le itšego, e fapana le polelo yeo e tlwaelegilego.
English: Dialect – a regional variety of a language differing in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.
Polelo ya Sethaka
Sepedi: Polelo ya sehlopha sa batho bjalo ka baswa, e sa ratego goba e se ya semmušo.
English: Colloquial language – informal language often used within a particular social group.
Potšišo Makgethepolelo
Sepedi: Potšišo ye e botšišwago go gatelela, yeo e sa nyakago karabo. (Mohlala: “Ge nkabe e se ka tokologo, nkabe re le kae?”)
English: Rhetorical question – a question asked for effect rather than to elicit an answer
Retšistara
Sepedi: Go šomiša mantšu, setaele, thutapolelo, le segalo go ya ka maemo goba dikamano tše di fapanego. (Mohlala: Ditokomane tša semmušo di ngwadilwe ka retšistara ya semmušo, mola mangwalo a segwera a šomiša retšistara ya go se be ya semmušo.)
English: Register – the use of language, style, grammar, and tone appropriate to the context or situation, such as formal language for official documents and informal language for friendly letters.
Sathaya
Sepedi: Dikhathuni tša go šomiša kodutlo le kgegeo go swayaswaya, kudu go swana le dikhathuni tša sepolitiki.
English: Satire – political or social cartoons that use sarcasm and irony to critique or highlight issues.
Sebopego sa Tiragatšo
Sepedi:
- Setaele sa go kgethega seo dipapadi di ngwalwago ka sona.
- Peakanyo ya thulaganyo, ditiro, lefelo la tiragalo, baanegwa, le diponagatšo tša polelo pading.
English: Dramatic structure – - The unique style or format used in writing plays or dramatic texts.
- The organization of plot, actions, settings, characters, and dialogue in a drama.
Sedirišwa sa Polelo Kgatelelo
Sepedi: Sedirišwa se bjalo ka khutšo goba poeletšo, se šomišwago ke mongwaledi goba seboledi go šušumetša goba go kgodiša.
English: Rhetorical device – a tool such as pauses or repetition used to persuade or influence the audience.
Segalo
Sepedi:
- Patrone ya tlhabošo ya medumo yeo e laetšago sebopego sa thutapolelo.
- E laetša phapano gare ga dipotšišo le ditatemente le maikutlo a seboledi.
- Boleng bja lentšu goba dipapatšo tšeo di bontšhago maikutlo a setšweletšwa.
English: Tone – - The pattern of pitch or sound reflecting grammar, such as questions or statements.
- The distinction between questions, statements, and speaker emotion.
- The emotional delivery or mood created by the spoken or written language.
Sehloa
Sepedi: Karolo ya bohlokwa goba maatla pading, ye gantši e sa direge mafelelong.
English: Climax – the most intense, important, or pivotal part of a story.
Sekima
Sepedi: Go bala ka go kitimiša mahlo go hwetša tshedimoso ya maleba, bjalo ka pukung ya dinomoro tša mogala.
English: Skimming – quickly reading through text to find key information.
Sekena
Sepedi: Go bala ka tsinkelo go hwetša dikgopolo tše kgolo. (Mohlala: Direrwa tša kuranta.)
English: Scanning – reading carefully to extract main ideas or specific information.
Setaele
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa mongwadi wa go beakanya mantšu, a kopanya kgopolo le sebopego sa ditatemente.
English: Style – the unique way a writer organizes words to convey ideas, incorporating choices in vocabulary, sentence length, tone, and use of figurative language.
Sethalwakgobošo
Sepedi:
- Feteletšo ya sebopego sa moanegwa ka go goboša tsela ya gagwe ya go lebelelega.
- Dikhathune gantši di šomiša tshegišo ka tsela ya go feteletša goba go šaetša.
English: Caricature – - An exaggerated depiction of a character’s features to create humor.
- A satirical drawing or description, often seen in cartoons.
Setšweletšwa
Sepedi: Setatemente goba tlhagišo ya kgokagano ya go ngwalwa, ya go bolelwa, goba ya go bogelwa.
English: Text – any form of communication, whether written, spoken, or visual.
Setšweletšwa sa Tirišano
Sepedi: Dingwalo tša mohola, bjalo ka mangwalo, metsotso ya dipokano, goba difekese.
English: Transactional text – functional writing such as letters, meeting minutes, reports, or faxes.
Tekatekanyo
Sepedi: Papetšo ya go bontšha magato a fapanego, bjalo ka “mo” (kgato 1), “moo” (kgato 2), le “mola” (kgato 3).
English: Progression – a comparison or distinction shown through stages or degrees, often in storytelling or examples.
Thabe
Sepedi: Thabe ke lefoko goba kgopolo ye e feletšego. (Mohlala: “Monna o tšhabile.”) Thabenyane ke karolo e itšetšego ka thabekutu, eupša e ka se ikemele ka noši. Gantši e thoma ka lekopanyi goba lešalahlaolo.
English: Clause – a group of words that contains a subject and predicate. Subordinate clauses depend on the main clause and usually begin with conjunctions or relative pronouns.
Thoma
Sepedi: Go thoma (mohlala: “Go thoma poledišano”).
English: Initiate – to start or begin something, such as a conversation.
Thulano
Sepedi: Kgakgano ya dikgopolo, dikganyogo, goba baanegwa ka gare ga padi goba kanegelo.
English: Conflict – a struggle or clash between opposing forces, ideas, or characters in a story.
Thulaganyo
Sepedi: Tatelano ya ditiragalo le kamano ya tšona ka gare ga setšweletšwa.
English: Plot – the sequence of events and their relationship within a narrative.
Thulaganyotlaleletšo
Sepedi: Ditiragalo tše di sepedišanago le thulaganyo ya padi, eupša di ka se be karolo ya bohlokwa kudu.
English: Subplot – secondary events or narratives that run parallel to the main plot.
Tlhalošo ya ka Gare
Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya maikutlo, dikgopolo, goba maemo ao a sa bolelwago pepeneneng, eupša a tšweletšwa ka tsela ya setšweletšwa.
English: Implied meaning – the inferred or suggested meaning not explicitly stated in the text.
Tlhalošo Taetšo
Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya molaleng ya lentšu, go lebeletšwe maemo ao le lego ka gona.
English: Denotation – the literal or primary meaning of a word, distinct from its connotations.
Tlhalošopepeneneng/Tlhalošothwii
Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya sekao ka mo go thwii, e sa akanywe ka tsela e se nago tokologo.
English: Literal meaning – the straightforward definition of a term or situation, without figurative interpretation.
Tlhalošotharedi
Sepedi: Tlhalošo ya kgopolo goba sebopego se se akanywago fela se sa bolelwago thwii.
English: Figurative meaning – an interpretative or symbolic explanation derived from a text.
Tlhalošontši
Sepedi: Ge mantšu a nago le ditlhalošo tše mmalwa, gomme go ka ba le dikgopolo tša go se fele tokologo.
English: Ambiguity – the presence of multiple meanings or interpretations of a word or statement.
Tlopelago
Sepedi: Mantšu, dikafoko, goba mafoko ao a ka tlogelwago ntle le go fošega ga kgopolo.
English: Ellipsis – the omission of words that are understood in context without changing the meaning.
Tsebotsinkelo ya Polelo
Sepedi: Kwešišo ya kamano ya maatla le polelo, e thušago barutwana go šomiša polelo ka tlhokomelo le bohlale.
English: Meta-linguistic awareness – the ability to analyze and understand the structure and use of language.
Tšakone
Sepedi: Mareo ao a šomišwago ke sehlopha goba mohuta o itšego wa mešomo (mohlala: “Morutiši,” “Barutwana”).
English: Jargon – specialized terms used by a particular group or profession.
Tšakone ya Polelo
Sepedi: Polelo ye e dirišwago go hlalosa mareo a thutapolelo le dingwalo, bjalo ka “dikamano,” “setaele,” goba “thulaganyo.”
English: Meta-language – language used to describe linguistic and textual terms.
Tšweletšontšu
Sepedi: Go hlaboša le go hlaloša ka tsela yeo e lego bonolo gore batheeletši ba kwešiše.
English: Articulation – clear and effective delivery of speech or ideas.
Theopele
Sepedi: Ka thwii, e hlaloša maemo a sediri kgauswi le bokapele, eupša ka mokgwa wa seka, e gatelela ntlha e itšego.
English: Foregrounding – emphasizing a specific element or perspective in a narrative or visual medium.
Tshwantšhišo
Sepedi: Go hlaloša selo ka tsela ya go se bapetša le se sengwe ka dika tša go swana (mohlala: “Thuto ke senotlelo sa katlego”).
English: Metaphor – a comparison stating that one thing is another to highlight similarity.
Tshwantšhokakanyo
Sepedi: Kakanyo ya seswantšho ka monaganong, ye e bopilwego ka tshwantšhanyo, mothofatšo, goba diswantšho tše dingwe tša dikgopolo.
English: Imagery – mental pictures or visualizations created through descriptive language.
Tshekamelo ka Lehlakoreng le Tee
Sepedi: Go kgethologanya goba go ahlola ka motheo wa maikutlo a sehlopha, motho, goba kgopolo.
English: Bias – the inclination or prejudice in favor of or against a person, group, or idea.
Dibopego tša Lefoko le Melao ya Tšhomišo ya Polelo
Sepedi: Dibopego tša polelo le mehlala ya tshepetšo ya tšhomišo ya yona le dikarolo tše di fapanego.
English: Structure of words and grammar rules – explaining the forms of words and their usage in sentences.
Dikarolo tša Mantšu (Parts of Speech)
Dihlogo, Medu, le Meselana
Sepedi: Karolo ya lentšu ye e akaretšago karolo ya mathomo (hlogo), motheo (modu), le ditlhomeso (meselana).
English: Root, stem, and suffix – the base structure of words, including prefixes and suffixes.
Maina (Nouns)
Sepedi:
- Mainakgopolo: Maina a se nago tlhago (mohlala: boikgantšho).
English: Abstract nouns – words representing intangible ideas (e.g., pride). - Maina a Tlhago: Maina a nnete (mohlala: mohlabani).
English: Concrete nouns – words for physical things (e.g., a soldier). - Mainagokwa: Maina a magareng (mohlala: naga).
English: Common nouns – general words for categories (e.g., country). - Mainakgoboko: Maina a magolo (mohlala: Limpopo).
English: Proper nouns – specific names of people, places, or things (e.g., Limpopo). - Mainapalo: Maina a bontšago dipalo (mohlala: kgopo e tee).
English: Numeral nouns – nouns indicating numbers.
Sediri le Sedirwa (Subject and Object)
Sepedi: Bong (masculine or feminine) le Bontši (plural).
English: Subject and object agreements (gender and number).
Nyenyefatšo le Mainamatšo
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go fokotša le go oketša mohola wa leina (mohlala: mošemanyana – nyenyefatšo, mošemagolo – mainamatšo).
English: Diminutives and augmentatives – to reduce or increase emphasis on a noun (e.g., little boy, big boy).
Mašala (Pronouns)
Sepedi: Pronouns divided into types:
- Mašalašupi: Pronouns indicating possession (e.g., sa gagwe).
- Mašalarui: Relative pronouns (e.g., yo a).
- Mašalaina: Indefinite pronouns (e.g., motho yo mongwe).
English: Types of pronouns, such as possessive, relative, and indefinite pronouns.
Madiri (Verbs)
Mokgwa wa Go Šomiša Madiri
- Lefetedi le Lefeledi: Transitive and intransitive verbs.
English: Transitive verbs require an object, while intransitive verbs do not. - Lediri la Go Se Latelwe ke Sedirwa: Verbs that don’t require an object.
Madiri le Meselana ya Ona
Sepedi: Mokgwa wa go hlomela madiri ka meselana (mohlala: -ya pele ga mošomo).
English: Verb formation and its modifiers (e.g., prefixes or suffixes).
Mabopi le Matšwamadiri
Sepedi: Lediri le šomiša sebaka (mohlala: a tla go bona).
English: Auxiliary verbs and tense-related verbs.
Mahlalošagotee le Malatodi
Sepedi: Lentšu leo le nago le tlhalošo e tee goba tše di fetanago (mohlala: kgopolo e tee – mahlalošagotee, diphaphano – malatodi).
English: Synonyms (words with similar meanings) and antonyms (words with opposite meanings).
Mahlaodi (Adjectives)
Sepedi:
- Mahlaodipalo: Go laetša palo (e.g., e tee).
- Mahlaodimašupi: Laetša tatelano ya dilo (e.g., wa pele).
- Mahlaodimarui: Mantšu a maatla (e.g., a bohlokwa).
English: Adjectives indicating quantity, sequence, or strength.
Mahlathi (Adverbs)
Sepedi: Adverbs classified by usage:
- Nako: Time (e.g., bjale).
- Mokgwa: Manner (e.g., ka bonolo).
- Felo: Place (e.g., kua).
English: Adverbs of time, manner, and place.
Mabotšiši (Interrogatives)
Sepedi: Dipotšišo tše di sa nyakago dikarabo (mohlala: “A ka go thabiša mang?”).
English: Rhetorical questions – questions posed for effect, not expecting answers.
Makopanyi (Conjunctions)
Sepedi: Makopanyi a šomišwago go kgokaganya ditemana le mafoko ka tatelano goba kamano.
English: Conjunctions – words connecting phrases or clauses (e.g., “ka morago ga fao,” “ka gore”).
Tlhathollo le Poelo
Sepedi: Tšhomišo ya kamano magareng ga tiragalo le ditlamorago.
English: Cause and effect – explaining the relationship between events and their outcomes.
Melao ya Polelo le Mopeleto
Sepedi:
- Khutsofatšo le Diakronimi: Tšhomišo ya mantšu a khutsufaditšwego goba akronimi (mohlala: SEPHOLEKE).
- Tatelano ya Mantšu: Go šomiša mantšu ka tatelano ya mohola.
English: Grammar and spelling rules, including abbreviations, acronyms, and word order.
Tsinkelo le Temogo ya Polelo
Sepedi: Go lebelela ka fao polelo e šomišwago ka gona, e ka ba ka tsinkelo goba kgetho ya mantšu.
English: Linguistic awareness – understanding how language operates, focusing on word choice and inference.